Important to Know

• Heightened Risk of Wrongful Detention of U.S. Citizens.
• Arbitrary and Inconsistent Enforcement of Russian Laws against Foreigners.
• Dangers Arising from the Ongoing Conflict with Ukraine, Including Internal Instability.
• Persistent Threat of Terrorism and Limited U.S. Embassy Assistance.

The United States Department of State has reissued a Level 4 “Do Not Travel” advisory for the Russian Federation, citing severe and increasing dangers for U.S. citizens. This is the highest level of warning and strongly urges Americans currently in Russia to leave immediately due to a confluence of critical risks.

The advisory is based on several escalating threats. Foremost is the ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which, while primarily in Ukraine, has led to increased instability within Russia, including border area attacks and potential emergency measures.

A significant concern is the heightened risk of wrongful detention. The Russian government is seen as arbitrarily enforcing laws and potentially fabricating charges against U.S. citizens, who may be used for political leverage. Access to legal counsel and due process is often limited for detainees.

The arbitrary enforcement of local laws also poses a serious threat. Russian laws are complex and subject to inconsistent application, potentially ensnaring foreigners for seemingly minor actions, including those related to expression or online activity. LGBTQ+ individuals face particular risks due to specific legislation. Cultural misunderstandings or innocent behavior can also be misinterpreted as hostile.

Finally, the persistent threat of terrorism remains, with potential attacks in major cities and other areas. U.S. citizens in public spaces could be caught in attacks or subsequent security operations.

The advisory notes the limited capacity of the U.S. Embassy to provide assistance, especially outside Moscow, due to diplomatic constraints. International travel to Russia is severely impacted, with most direct flights suspended and financial transactions complicated by sanctions.

Given these dangers, the State Department unequivocally advises U.S. citizens not to travel to Russia and emphasizes the urgency for those there to depart through available commercial options. Enrollment in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) is recommended for those who remain, and extreme caution is advised, including maintaining a low profile and avoiding sensitive topics or gatherings. The ability of the U.S. government to help in a crisis is severely restricted.